LPM

Livestock produce and products include all useful materials, food items, and by-products obtained from domesticated animals and birds. Livestock provide valuable products such as milk, meat, eggs, wool, hides, manure, draught power, and breeding materials like semen and embryos.

Learn about goat production systems in the tropics including nomadic, transhumant, semi-intensive, and intensive systems along with their features, advantages, and management practices.

Livestock production systems are considered to be a subset of farming systems. The classification criteria are limited to three: integration with crops, relation to land, and agroecological zone.

Abnormal behaviours or bad habits shown by animals are known as vices. These behaviours may develop due to hereditary factors, improper management, nutritional deficiencies, overcrowding, stress, continuous confinement, or poor environmental conditions.

Administration of medicines in livestock animals is an important part of veterinary treatment and animal management. Medicines are administered to prevent and treat diseases, improve animal health, and maintain productivity in livestock farms.

Dehorning means the removal of well-grown horns. Disbudding means arresting horn growth at an early age, when the horn root is in the bud stage.

Castration is the process of making a male animal incapable of reproduction by removing or inactivating the testes. It is one of the common management practices followed in livestock farming to improve animal handling, prevent indiscriminate breeding, and enhance meat quality.

Disposal and utilization of carcasses refer to the safe handling, destruction, or processing of dead animal bodies to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and environmental contamination.

Disinfection in livestock farms is an important biosecurity measure used to destroy pathogenic microorganisms and prevent the spread of infectious diseases among animals. Proper disinfection helps maintain farm hygiene, improves animal health, and reduces economic losses in livestock production.

Common farm management practices (routine farm operations) are disinfection, isolation, quarantine, disposal and utilization of carcasses, castration, dehorning, and extra teat removal.