Pica in Poultry: Causes, Prevention and Control
Pica in poultry is an abnormal feeding behavior in which birds consume non-nutritive materials or substances that are not normally considered feed, such as feathers, litter material, strings, and other foreign materials. It is less commonly observed in modern commercial poultry systems where birds receive nutritionally balanced diets and are maintained under appropriate management conditions.
Pica may develop due to nutritional deficiencies, particularly deficiencies or imbalances involving phosphorus and other minerals. Parasitic infestations, introduction of new litter material, inadequate or unbalanced diets, overcrowding, environmental stress, boredom, and poor management practices may also predispose birds to this behavior.
Prevention and control of pica involve identifying and correcting the underlying cause. Birds should be provided with a nutritionally balanced diet containing adequate levels of essential minerals and other nutrients.
Appropriate stocking density, good litter management, parasite control, adequate environmental enrichment, and proper flock management can help reduce the occurrence of pica. Affected flocks should be evaluated for nutritional deficiencies, parasitic infestations, and other management-related factors.
