Dentition in Sheep and Goats: Dental Formula and Age Estimation

Dentition in sheep and goats refers to the arrangement, development, and replacement of teeth throughout different life stages. Understanding their dentition is essential for estimating age, assessing health status, and making informed decisions in herd management.

Dental Formula

Temporary dentition: 0/4 0/0 3/3 0/0

Permanent dentition: 0/4 0/0 3/3 3/3

• From birth to 1 year: The temporary incisors are in use, and the mouth of a sheep at 1 year shows lamb teeth well worn, while in many cases the first pair of permanent central incisors will be cutting.
• 14–18 months (Two-tooth): The first pair of permanent central incisors replace the corresponding temporaries.
• 20–24 months (Four-tooth): The second pair of permanent medial incisors replace the corresponding temporaries.
• 26–30 months (Six-tooth): The third pair of permanent lateral incisors replace the corresponding temporaries.
• 32–36 months (Full mouth): The fourth pair of permanent corner incisors replace the corresponding temporaries.

Estimation of Age by Dentition in Sheep and Goats

1. Animal under one year old (no permanent teeth)
2. One year old (2 permanent teeth)
3. Two years old (4 permanent teeth)
4. 2½ years old (6 permanent teeth)
5. Three years old (8 permanent teeth)
6. Old animal, more than four years old